A city that could not dig, so it built upward

Soft ground, an elevated railway, and the malls that grew to meet the platforms.

Elevated skytrain viaduct curves above a plaza, with high-rise towers in the background
The viaduct between Siam and Ratchadamri, carried on single piers set in the avenue’s median.Photo: Curved BTS Skytrain viaduct between Siam and Ratchadamri stations, Bangkok, Thailand · Wikimedia Commons